There are four rules of thermodynamics, and these are: zero law states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then the first two systems are in thermal equilibrium. Q. What is the nature of graph, taking $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ along the $\mathrm{y}$ -axis and ‘F along the x-axis. Q. In hot summer after a bath, the body’s. pressure will reduce to 0.5 atm. October 18, 2019 by Rati S. Leave a Comment. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as heat and. same. They move in all directions with different speeds. Q. Q. Explain the concept of temperature on the basis of kinetic theory? (i) Because an opening the stop-cock, the volume of gas is doubled at constant temperature as the system is thermally insulated, as the gas expands against zero pressure, so, in accordance to first law of thermodynamics, $\frac{1}{3} M c^{2}=R T$ ……. What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics ? E. enthalpy, entropy, heat If we want to convert heat energy continuously into work, a part of heat energy absorbed from the source has to be rejected. Let 1 mole of a gas is supplied $\Delta Q$ amount of heat at constant volume so that the temperature of the gas rises by $\Delta T$. Example Question #1 : Understanding The First Law Of Thermodynamics A gas in a closed container is heated, causing the lid of the container to rise. Why are the brake-drums of a car heated when the car moves down a hill at constant speed ? Monoatomic gas will have greater temperature rise because a monoatomic gas has only translational energy but diatomic gas has both translational as well as rotational energy. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. SHOW SOLUTION Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. Explain on the basis of kinetic theory : on pulling the piston out, the pressure of gas decreases. 120 seconds . SURVEY . Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Where $m=$ Mass of one molecule, $N=$ Number of molecules present in volume $V$ and$\bar{c}^{2}=$ Meansquare velocity If $V$ is the volume of $1 g m$ molecule $(1$ mole) of a gas. Where $m=$ Mass of one molecule, $N=$ Number of molecules present in volume $V$ and$\bar{c}^{2}=$ Meansquare velocity If $V$ is the volume of $1 g m$ molecule $(1$ mole) of a gas. Universal gas constant signifies the work done by (or on) a gas per mole per kelvin. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. Yes in heating or cooling, a body absorbs or loses energy. $\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{1}{2} M c^{2}=R T$, $\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2} M c^{2}=\frac{3}{2} R T$, $\frac{1}{2} m N c^{2}=\frac{3}{2} R T$ or $\frac{1}{2} m \bar{c}^{2}=\frac{3}{2} \frac{R}{N} T$, or $\frac{1}{2} m c^{2}=\frac{3}{2} K T$ or $E=\frac{3}{2} K T$ ………(vi), where $E=\frac{1}{2} m c^{2}=$ Mean kinetic energy of the, molecule and $=\frac{R}{N}=$ constant $k$ is called. What is the range of their speeds? Work is a path function. SE; b. ES; c. ES. or $\frac{1}{2} m c^{2}=\frac{3}{2} K T$ or $E=\frac{3}{2} K T$ ………(vi) Thus, the absolute zero is that temperature at which the r.m.s. After you attempt the test, click “Quiz-summary” at the end. ) A gas does work during isothermal expansion ? SHOW SOLUTION Zero to infinite. First law of thermodynamics. $\left(\frac{d P}{d V}\right)=-\frac{P}{V}$ ………….. (1) It is possible to convert internal energy into work ? SHOW SOLUTION (c) According to first law, $\Delta Q=\Delta U+\Delta W,$ however as here and negative, so be positive i.e. Thermodynamics Multiple choice Questions :-1. internal energy of coffee will increase. The relation between kelvin scale and centigrade scale is given by $\left.T(K)=\theta^{(0} C\right)+273.15$. Distinguish between average speed and r.m.s. What do you understand by triple point of water ? Two different gases have exactly the same temperature. speed. A gas does work during isothermal expansion ? You will get here all the important questions from heat and thermodynamics chapter. What is thermodynamics? No, because internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature of the gas. NEET Physics is the scoring paper in the medical entrance examination. Some physicists suspect that the second law of thermodynamics provides a clue. ... Related Questions. Q. Answer : The third … How is the molar gas constant related to the principal gas constant? Relation between two principal specific heat of a Q. Now, let 1 mole of same gas is given an amount of heat $\Delta Q$ at constant pressure so as to increase the temperature by $\Delta T,$ then, Isothermal process : That thermal process in which the pressure and volume of the system (gas) change but temperature remains constant is called isothermal process. The Laws of Thermodynamics demonstrate very ordered rules of energy interactions, which the entire universe must obey. Heat and Thermodynamics's Previous Year Questions with solutions of Physics from JEE Main subject wise and chapter wise with solutions $\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2} M c^{2}=\frac{3}{2} R T$ SHOW SOLUTION strategies to Crack Exam in limited time period. SHOW SOLUTION R = Mr. Q. Can the carnot engine be realised in practice ? ... Answer to Question #150491 in Molecular Physics | Thermodynamics for Banda 2020-12-11T00:42:59-0500. But $m N=M=$ Gram molecular mass Explain why? $d Q=d U+d W$ Where $m=$ Mass of one molecule, $N=$ Number of molecules present in volume $V$ and $\frac{1}{c^{2}}=$ Mean square velocity exerted by the gas is given by $P=\frac{1}{3} \frac{m N}{V} c^{2} \ldots \ldots$ (i) email. How is the molar gas constant related to the principal gas constant? (b) the gas is compressed or allowed to expand very quickly. Related quizzes can be found here: Energy and Thermodynamics Quizzes speed (c) of molecules of different gases shall be different. Third law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics article. $\begin{array}{l}{\text { But from ideal gas equation, }} \\ {P V=R T \quad \text { ideal }} \\ {\text { From equation }(4), \text { we have, }}\end{array} \Rightarrow P \Delta V=R \Delta T$ NEET Physics : Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. $\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{1}{2} M c^{2}=R T$ But if gas temperature T is less than $\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{B}}$ then does it behaves like ideal gas. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. The limitations are : Answer to Question #150492 in Molecular Physics | Thermodynamics for Banda 2020-12-11T00:42:59-0500. (a) has heat been added to it? A Thermos bottle containing coffee is vigorously shaken. $\Rightarrow \frac{d P}{d V}=-\frac{P}{V}$ is slope of isothermal curve, $\left(\frac{d P}{d V}\right)=-\frac{P}{V}$ ………….. (1), (b) For an adiabatic process, $P V^{\gamma}=K$ (constant), $P_{\gamma} v^{\gamma-1} . Problem 2. (iv) Do the intermediate state the system (before setting to final equilibrium state) be on its P-V-T surface ? The entire system is thermally insulated. SHOW SOLUTION With the help of AI we have made the learning Personalized, adaptive and accessible for each and every one. Let us find out how thermodynamics is important from JEE Physics perspective. Thermodynamics article. SHOW SOLUTION Slopes of isothermal and adiabatic curves In thermal contact, heat flows from a body at higher temperature to the body at lower temperature till temperatures become equal. State The Third Law Of Thermodynamics. Q. (v),$\bar{c}^{2}=0$8. only. The increaments in the temperature on kelvin scale are the same as the those of the celsius scale. SHOW SOLUTION Distinguish between average speed and r.m.s. But as the different gases may have molecules of different masses, the r.m.s. This is the reason due to which the lowest temperature on kelvin’s scale is assumed to be 0K. (ii) Specific heat at constant pressure$\left(\mathrm{C}_{P}\right):$It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of gas by$1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$at constant pressure. Why it is unique ? Answer the following The heat and thermodynamics chapter is very important as every year 2 to 3 questions can always be expected from this chapter. It is denoted by$C_{P}$. (b) the gas is compressed or allowed to expand very slowly.As temperature remains constant in an isothermal process, the gas equation is. Now, let 1 mole of same gas is given an amount of heat$\Delta Q$at constant pressure so as to increase the temperature by$\Delta T,$then,$\Delta Q=1 \times C_{P} \times \Delta T \Rightarrow \Delta Q=C_{P} \Delta T$………….(3). Although the root mean square speed of gas molecules is of the order of the speed of sound in that gas, yet on opening a bottle of ammonia in one corner of a room its smell takes time in reaching the other corner. What is meant by reversible engine ? First law of thermodynamics problem solving. Study.com has answers to your toughest physics homework questions with detailed, step by step explanations. Thermodynamics is a branch of science which primarily focuses on the relations between heat and various other forms of energy, such as mechanical, chemical or electrical energy, and therefore the relationships between all forms of energy.$\left(\frac{d P}{d V}\right)_{A}=-\frac{\gamma P}{V}$State and explain first law of thermodynamics. It is denoted by$C_{P}$. a) internal energy decreases. Where$m=$Mass of one molecule,$N=$Number of molecules present in volume$V$and$\frac{1}{c^{2}}=$Mean square velocity exerted by the gas is given by$P=\frac{1}{3} \frac{m N}{V} c^{2} \ldots \ldots$(i). There is a temperature known as Boyle’s temperature ($\left.T_{\mathrm{B}}\right)$for each real gas at which it behaves like an ideal gas. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. CBSE Class 11-Physics: Thermodynamics Problem's: Questions Doorsteptutor material for CBSE is prepared by world's top subject experts: fully solved questions with step-by-step explanation - practice your way to success. (Assume room temperature is 20°C.) Related quizzes can be found here: Energy and Thermodynamics Quizzes Since, can never be negative, therefore the value of absolute temperature T can never be negative. (Here k is Boltzmann constant and T is temperature of the system). According to this law, for any dynamical system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy is distributed equally amongst all the degrees of freedom and the energy associated with each molecule per degree of freedom is$\frac{1}{2} k T$, and hence a constant. Click Here for Detailed Notes of Heat and Thermodynamics along with other chapters and subjects. Therefore,$m N$will be gram molecular mass. Q. Its efficiency is maximum because in such a device dissipation of energy takes place against friction etc. Year 11 Physics: Waves and Thermodynamics Practice. In physics, when we study thermodynamics, we say that we cannot find the work done in Irreversible processes, because in such processes, the different variables of gas are not defined. (ii) It does not give any idea about the extent to which the change takes place. We’ve put the answers down the bottom of the page, here. View all Physics important questions for all the chapters. From eq. But as the different gases may have molecules of different masses, the r.m.s. According to it “when some quantity of heat (dQ) is supplied to system capable of doing external work, then the quantity of heat absorbed by the system (dQ) is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy of the system (dU) and external work-done by the system (dW) ie. Is it against the second law thermodynamics ? Thermodynamics is a branch of science which primarily focuses on the relations between heat and various other forms of energy, such as mechanical, chemical or electrical energy, and therefore the relationships between all forms of energy. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ I) A great deal of effort, time, and money has been spent in the quest for the so-called perpetual-motion machine, which is defined as a hypothetical machine that operates or produces useful work indefinitely and/or a hypothetical machine that produces more work or energy than it consumes. Solution . Equal masses of monoatomic gas and diatomic gas at the same temperature are given equal quantities of heat. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. (1) In above equation units of all quantities$\left(C_{P}, C_{V} \text { and } R\right)$are Joule$m o l^{-1} K^{-1} .$If$C_{P}$and$dC_{V}$are expressed in units calorie$m o l^{-1} K^{-1},$then$C_{P}-C_{V}=\frac{R}{J}$Total energy associated with a gram molecule of the gas MCQ Questions for Class 11 Physics with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. i.e.$\Delta U=0$. (3) As value of molar gas constant$R$is$(+v e) 8.31$Jmol$^{-1} K^{-1}$, it implies that$C_{P}>C_{V}$and their difference in equal to$8.31 J \mathrm{mol}^{-1} K^{-1}$. speed. If$T=0$then from eq. (A) First Law of Thermodynamics (B) Second Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Work and heat are two ways of transfering energy between a system and the environment, causing the system’s energy to change. Obtain the relation between degree of freedom of a gas and ratio of two principal specific heats of the gas. 15.2: The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes. A gas is filled in a cylinder fitted with a piston at a definite temperature and pressure. 1.3. Physics Question Thermodynamics? After a short time interval, the gas returns to equilibrium states which lies on its P-V-T surface. Q. At what temperature does all molecular motions cease? Refer the diagram and match the following. molar gad constant R = 8.3 J mol-1 K-1 (2 Marks) b) The gas is compressed to volume of 0.020 m 3.The temperature of the gas is kept constant. If the temperature of source is 127°C, then temperature of sink is.$\left(\frac{d P}{d V}\right)_{A}=\gamma\left(-\frac{P}{V}\right)=\gamma\left(\frac{d P}{d V}\right)_{I}$(b) has work been done on it?$P V=\frac{1}{3} M c^{2}$……..(ii) If the temperature of body increases by$1^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$what will be change in temperature on kelvin scale? We know kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to the absolute temperature i.e. What is meant by reversible engine ? Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. (i)There is no information about the direction in which change takes place. To help aspirants to score good marks in coming WBJEE 2018, the engineering section bring to you the notes of chapter Thermodynamics. (vi)$E \propto T$Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. ds=dQ/T Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so, as temp. Practice: Thermodynamics questions. (b) the gas is compressed or allowed to expand very slowly.As temperature remains constant in an isothermal process, the gas equation is, PV = constant (K) Explain on the basis of kinetic theory : on pulling the piston out, the pressure of gas decreases. Download eSaral App for Video Lectures, Complete Revision, Study Material and much more...Sol. This is because external work is done by the compressor of this transfer of heat. Differentiating on both sides, we get, Home » Chemistry » Thermodynamics » First Law of Thermodynamics » Give the comparison of work of expansion of an ideal Gas and a van der Waals Gas. This is the relation between$\gamma$and n. Hence the value of for a polyatomic gas can be determined from degree of freedom n. Total energy associated with a gram molecule of the gas. So, if a platinum wire is put into molten glass thus the platinum-wire fits into a hole in molten glass. We have transformed classroom in such a way that a student can study anytime anywhere. Molecular Physics | Thermodynamics Question #150467 you apply constant horizontal force of 80N to a wooden crate on a smooth horizontal floor.The crate start from rest and moves 11m in 5 seconds.If you stop pushing at the end of 5 seconds,how far does the crate move in the next 5 seconds? Hence, temperature of gas will remain constant. Thermodynamics. SHOW SOLUTION It depends only upon the absolute temperature same. But from ideal gas equation,$P V=R T$…..(iii) Without the ability of a system to use energy within the system to do work — the heart of thermodynamics — there would be nothing for physicists to study. Thermodynamics, Physics MCQ (NEET, JEE Main) – Test 1. Lv 7. Since the speed of car is not increasing, the gravitational potential energy is converted into internal energy of the break drums which are heated. Q. The helium is at a presure of 1.0 x 10 5 Pa and at a temperature of 300 K.. a) Show that one mole of helium occupies a volume of about 0.025 m 3 under these conditions. SHOW SOLUTION The graph shows the variation of the product PV with respect to the pressure (P) of given masses of three gases A, B and C. The temperature is kept constant, state with proper arguments which of these gases is ideal. What will be the effect on the pressure of the gas? Is thermodynamics physics? First law of thermodynamics : It is a statement of conservation of energy in thermodynamical process. 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